Pirro Nord 13
Basic information
Sample name: Pirro Nord 13
Sample aka: PN13
Reference: R. Chelli, . Cheheb, M. Arzarello, J. Arnaud, C. Berto, I. Câceres, S. Caracausi, F. Colopi, S. Daffara, G. Montanari Canini, R. Huguet, T. Karambatsou, B. Sala, M. Zambaldi, and G. L. F. Berruti. 2019. Human behavior and Homo-mammal interactions at the first European peopling: new evidence from the Pirro Nord site (Apricena, Southern Italy). Science of Nature 106(16):1-22 [ER 3859]
Geography
Country: Italy
Coordinate: 41° 48' 7" N, 15° 23' 5" E
Coordinate basis: stated in text
Time interval: Early Pleistocene
Max Ma: 1.6
Min Ma: 1.3
Age basis: zone
Geography comments: "close to the village of Apricena" in Apulia
the age estimate is based on the age range of Allophaiomys ruffoi, which is supposedly present but not listed in the data table
the age estimate is based on the age range of Allophaiomys ruffoi, which is supposedly present but not listed in the data table
Environment
Lithology: siliciclastic (mixed)
Taphonomic context: carnivore accumulation,fissure fill,human accumulation
Archaeology: stone tools
Habitat comments: a deposit "more than 4 m thick" that is "inside a karst fissure" with "a sandy loam matrix with clasts and blocks of local lithology"
Unit A is a "thin sandy-clay layer" and B to D are "sandy loam sediment among limestone and calcarenite cobbles and boulders"
the fossils and tools have "been transported inside the fissure, mainly by water and gravitational processes"
there are "14 cut-marked bones" plus carnivore tooth marks on 22 bones (see Table 6), suggesting both human and carnivore accumulation
340 lithic artefacts are present
Unit A is a "thin sandy-clay layer" and B to D are "sandy loam sediment among limestone and calcarenite cobbles and boulders"
the fossils and tools have "been transported inside the fissure, mainly by water and gravitational processes"
there are "14 cut-marked bones" plus carnivore tooth marks on 22 bones (see Table 6), suggesting both human and carnivore accumulation
340 lithic artefacts are present
Methods
Life forms: carnivores,rodents,ungulates,turtles
Sampling methods: quarry
Sample size: 481 specimens
Sampling comments: the deposit "was exposed by the mining activities of the limestone quarry", so it must have been excavated
Metadata
Sample number: 4229
Contributor: John Alroy
Enterer: John Alroy
Created: 2023-04-19 17:29:46
Modified: 2023-04-19 07:29:46
Abundance distribution
18 species
1 singleton
total count 481
geometric series index: 21.4
Fisher's α: 3.690
geometric series k: 0.7349
Hurlbert's PIE: 0.7995
Shannon's H: 2.1323
Good's u: 0.9979
Each square represents a species. Square sizes are proportional to counts.
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Register
| †Mammuthus meridionalis | 80 | |
| †Stephanorhinus cf. hundsheimensis | 13 | |
| †Bison (Eobison) degiulii | 23 | |
| †Equus altidens | 26 | |
| †Dama cf. farnetensis | 188 | |
| "Pseudodama cf. farnetensis": see van der Made et al. (2023) | ||
| Praemegaceros sp. | 16 | |
| Homotherium sp. | 10 | |
| †Pachycrocuta brevirostris | 7 | |
| †Ursus etruscus | 17 | |
| †Felis lunensis | 8 | |
| including 5 tentatively referred specimens | ||
| †Lynx issiodorensis | 7 | |
| †Canis mosbachensis | 43 | 43 kg carnivore |
| †Canis (Xenocyon) cf. lycanoides | 5 | |
| "Canis (Xenocyon) cf. lycaonoides" | ||
| †Vulpes cf. alopecoides | 6 | |
| Meles sp. | 18 | |
| Martes sp. | 1 | |
| †Hystrix refossa | 11 | |
| Testudines indet. | 2 | |